An integrated cost-performance model of research and development evaluation

This paper proposes an integrated model of R&D evaluation which links the cost of research with its various outputs, from proximal or immediate to the intermediate outputs in the client organizations of the R&D performer. This model differs from previous models in that it consolidates both cost and performance assessment. Indexes of cost-performance are constructed for each category of output, and as a measure of productivity per scientist and engineer engaged in research. The indexes proposed in this model reflect the relative cost-effectiveness of the R&D activity throughout a substantial portion of the innovation process. As a comprehensive and integrated model, it transcends the limitations of immediate outputs utilized by other models. The model allows for comparisons, at the program, corporate and national levels, of the cost-performance of research. Some methodological and implementation problems are discussed.