Kalman filters in navigation

This paper puts forward a case for more precise navigation at sea. It commences by briefly outlining existing and forthcoming navigation aids. The integration of marine navigation systems, and in particular the use of Kalman filtering is then discussed. After outlining the developments in the aerospace industries, the authors suggest why marine developments have not been so rapid as those in the air. The idea of automatic collision avoidance is also raised and a method for tracking radar targets discussed. Finally, the authors survey marine applications of Kalman filtering techniques, including some references to their own work, and assess the need for further research and development.