A robust optimisation model for remanufacturing network design problem with one-way substitution

Economic exploitation of limited resources, satisfaction of customer's demands as well as the concerns about environmental impact form a broad awareness about designing and planning of closed‐loop supply chain networks. Uncertainty is considered as one of the most important characteristics of remanufacturing networks, especially when strategic decisions are taken into account. In this study, a robust optimisation approach for remanufacturing closed loop network design (RCLND) problem with one‐way substitution and uncertain data is proposed. First, a deterministic mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed and thereafter the robust counterpart of the proposed model is elaborated based on the robust programming methods. Finally, the efficiency and robustness of the solutions obtained from the robust optimisation model is investigated through numerical analysis.