An exploratory analysis of the effects of modal split obligations in terminal concession contracts

The port authority of Rotterdam has been the first to incorporate modal split obligations in concession contracts for container terminals. Given the increasing focus of port authorities on sustainable hinterland connectivity, other port authorities may also move in this direction. A reduced share of road transport in the modal split can increase competitiveness in the hinterland, secure better levels of road accessibility and reduce the carbon footprint of hinterland transport. Through in‐depth interviews with the three major terminal operating companies in Rotterdam, this paper explores the effects of modal split obligations. The impact of modal split obligations in concession contracts ranges from an impact solely on terminal design to an effect on the business model that terminal operating companies apply in a specific port.