Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments: New Evidence from Randomized Natural Experiments

Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments: New Evidence from Randomized Natural Experiments

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Article ID: iaor20124873
Volume: 58
Issue: 8
Start Page Number: 1585
End Page Number: 1591
Publication Date: Aug 2012
Journal: Management Science
Authors: , ,
Keywords: experiment, economics, sports
Abstract:

Dynamic competitive settings may create psychological pressure when feedback about the performance of competitors is provided before the end of the competition. Such psychological pressure could produce a first‐mover advantage, despite a priori equal winning probabilities. Using data from a randomized natural experiment–penalty shootouts in soccer–we reexamine evidence by Apesteguia and Palacios‐Huerta (2010) . They report a 21‐percentage‐point advantage for first movers over second movers in terms of winning probabilities. Extending their sample of 129 shootouts to 540, we fail to detect any significant first‐mover advantage. Our results are fully consistent with recent evidence from other sports contests.

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