Transportation systems, retail environments and pedestrian trip chaining behavior: Modeling issues and applications

Revitalisation processes in Western inner-cities and the construction of large-scale shopping malls in developing countries and countries with substantial economic growth require the development of models which allow the prediction of the likely effects of changes in the retail environment and the transportation network on pedestrian choice behaviour. This article gives a state-of-the-art review of existing models of pedestrian movement, discusses a few applications of these models, and identifies some important directions for future research.