Vulnerability of complex critical systems: case water supply and distribution networks

Management of complex, interdependent critical infrastructures demands systematic continuity evaluations and capability building for abnormal as well as normal conditions. The changing risk and threat environment creates new vulnerabilities that require an extensive approach to control weak points and support the undisturbed and reliable functions of critical infrastructures. The water contamination case is used to illustrate the complexity of today's changing risk environment. It also showed that without well‐established risk analysis the aftermath could be drastic due to the inadequate link between risk analysis and continuity plans.