The availability of novel technologies for exogenous insulin release and continuous glucose monitoring have increased the possibilities of developing an artificial pancreas. This contribution tackles the design of a H∞-based controller to manage glycemia in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) under two scenarios: exercise and nocturnal hypoglycemia. Two biosignals are integrated to the blood glucose control problem: lactate is used in exercise scenario, while adrenaline releasing is used for nocturnal hypoglycemia. The effects of each scenario are represented by weighting transfer functions at the control design. Each weighting function accounts the effect of hepatic glucose production and defines separately the following relations: (a) from plasmatic glucose to lactate during exercise and (b) from plasmatic glucose to adrenaline during nocturnal hypoglycemia. Also, the controller is designed by adding a frequency restriction in control signal to incorporate frequency components by the pancreatic insulin release pattern in a healthy subject. A nonlinear physiological model, including Glucose–Insulin–Glucagon dynamics and counter-regulatory effects, is used to show the time-response of the closed-loop including actuator dynamics and parametric changes.
