A single-product inventory model for multiple demand classes

A single-product inventory model for multiple demand classes

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Article ID: iaor20082876
Country: United States
Volume: 53
Issue: 9
Start Page Number: 1486
End Page Number: 1500
Publication Date: Sep 2007
Journal: Management Science
Authors: , ,
Abstract:

We consider a single-product inventory system that serves multiple demand classes, which differ in their shortage costs or service-level requirements. We assume a critical-level control policy, and a backorder clearing mechanism in which we treat a backorder for a lower-priority class equivalent to a reserve-stock shortfall for the higher-priority class. We show the equivalence between this inventory system and a serial inventory system. Based on this equivalence, we develop a model for cost evaluation and optimization under the assumptions of Poisson demand, deterministic replenishment lead time, and a continuous-review (Q,R) policy with rationing. We propose a computationally efficient heuristic and develop a bound on its performance. We provide a numerical experiment to show the effectiveness of the heuristic and the value from a rationing policy. Finally, we describe how to extend the model to permit service times, and how to extend the model to a multi-echelon setting.

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