Article ID: | iaor20082876 |
Country: | United States |
Volume: | 53 |
Issue: | 9 |
Start Page Number: | 1486 |
End Page Number: | 1500 |
Publication Date: | Sep 2007 |
Journal: | Management Science |
Authors: | Graves Stephen C., Roemer Thomas A., Arslan Hasan |
We consider a single-product inventory system that serves multiple demand classes, which differ in their shortage costs or service-level requirements. We assume a critical-level control policy, and a backorder clearing mechanism in which we treat a backorder for a lower-priority class equivalent to a reserve-stock shortfall for the higher-priority class. We show the equivalence between this inventory system and a serial inventory system. Based on this equivalence, we develop a model for cost evaluation and optimization under the assumptions of Poisson demand, deterministic replenishment lead time, and a continuous-review (Q,R) policy with rationing. We propose a computationally efficient heuristic and develop a bound on its performance. We provide a numerical experiment to show the effectiveness of the heuristic and the value from a rationing policy. Finally, we describe how to extend the model to permit service times, and how to extend the model to a multi-echelon setting.