Planning health services with explicit geographical considerations: a stochastic location–allocation approach

This paper is concerned with modeling for planning health services when geographical considerations in the location of services and in the locations of patients who need services are important. Examples of geographical distribution and organization of health services are the location of hospital outpatient departments within a city, and the provision of hospital-based specialist services, such as cardiac and dental surgery, across a region. Important issues in the provision of services include the location of the service centers, service capacities, geographical distribution of patients, and ease of access to the health services. This paper describes the development of a discrete-event geographical location–allocation simulation model for evaluating various options for the provision of services. Real-life case studies will illustrate the practical importance of the modeling approach.