Congestion pricing and roadspace rationing: An application to the San Francisco Bay Bridge corridor

This paper presents an empirical application of a congestion–alleviation strategy that C. Daganzo proposed as a ‘hybrid between rationing and pricing’. This strategy is applied to the San Francisco Bay Bridge corridor, in search of a practical and Pareto-improving solution to the Bridge's congestion. The work relies on a mode-split model for work trips across four different income groups residing in 459 origin zones, and it applies an equilibrium analysis based on Bridge performance. Results indicate that modal utilities (and thus choices) are sensitive to the specific combination of toll and rationing rate, as well as to the Bridge's travel-time (or performance) function, and the length of the congested section. Though no combination of tolls plus rationing rates was found to benefit all groups of travelers studied, further investiagtions may improve upon these results by refining some of the assumptions made here.