Monitoring for hazard in flight management systems

This paper discusses the theoretical basis and practical architecture for a real-time hazard monitor, historically termed an error monitor (EM). EM uses an expectation-based theory of action interpretation. Two knowledge acquisition techniques, interaction analysis and situation analysis, capture domain knowledge. Expectation networks are the knowledge structures which reflect these analyses. The level of remediation of error is directly related to the level of risk. The paper presents test results using EM in conjunction with a Flight Management System emulator.