Iterated local search for the capacitated vehicle routing problem with sequence-based pallet loading and axle weight constraints

In this article an Iterated Local Search algorithm for the capacitated vehicle routing problem with sequence‐based pallet loading and axle weight constraints is presented. Axle weight limits impose a great challenge for transportation companies. Yet, the literature on the incorporation of axle weight constraints in vehicle routing models is very scarce. The effect of introducing axle weight constraints in a CVRP on total routing cost is analyzed. Results show that integrating axle weight constraints does not lead to a large cost increase. However, not including axle weight constraints in the planning process may induce major axle weight violations.