Economic pipe sizing-Complex networks

The economic sizing of pipelines within complex networks may be accomplished by new mathematical models (and enhanced computing facilities), but the best solutions may well depend upon the judicious use of certain basic ideas derived from the study of simple elements. Thus the notion that the existence of a degree of variability of flow demand should lead to solutions where there should not be a gravity main, or that pumping by boosting to cope with the peak flows is economical must be tested. Some examples will be illustrated to demonstrate these ideas, particularly in the case of a ‘tested’ complex network.