A continuous bi-level model for the expansion of highway networks

Adding new corridors to a highway network represents a multicriteria decision process in which a variety of social, environmental and economic factors must be evaluated and weighted for a large number of corridor alternatives. This paper proposes a new bi‐level continuous location model for expansion of a highway network by adding several highway corridors within a geographical region. The upper level problem determines the location of the highway corridors, taking into account the budgetary and technological restrictions, while the lower level problem models the users’ behavior in the located transport network (choices of route and transport system). The proposed model takes into account the demand in the area served by the new network highway corridors, the available budget and the user behavior. This model uses geographical information in order to estimate the length‐dependent costs (such as pavement and construction costs) and the cost of earth movement. The proposed method is tested using the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm and applied to the Castilla–La Mancha geographic database. The previous methodology has been extended to a multiobjective approach in order to handling uncertainty in demand.