An enhanced BBO variant (POLBBO) is developed for solving global numerical optimization problems.
A polyphyletic migration operator is proposed to generate new features from more promising areas in the search space.
An OL strategy is employed to provide a systematic reasoning method to guide the search directions of POLBBO.
The polyphyletic migration operator and the OL strategy can work together well and enhance the performance of BBO significantly.
Five state‐of‐the‐art BBO variants, five existing OL‐based algorithms, and nine other evolutionary algorithms are employed to compare.
