A stress–based approach to the optimal design of structures with unilateral behavior of material or supports

The paper presents a stress‐based approach that copes with the optimal design of truss‐like elastic structures in case of unilateral behavior of material or ground supports. The conventional volume‐constrained minimization of compliance is coupled with a set of local stress constraints that are enforced, all over the domain or along prescribed boundaries, to control the arising of members with tension‐only or compression‐only strength. A Drucker–Prager failure criterion is formulated to provide a smooth approximation of the no‐tension or no‐compression conditions governing the stress field. A selection strategy is implemented to handle efficiently the multi‐constrained formulation that is solved through mathematical programming. Benchmark examples are investigated to discuss the features of the achieved optimal designs, as compared with problems involving material and ground supports with equal behavior in tension and compression. Numerical simulations show that a limited set of constraints is needed in the first iterations to steer the solution of the energy‐driven optimization towards designs accounting for the prescribed assumption of unilateral strength.