Modeling and optimization of a container drayage problem with resource constraints

This paper investigates the problem faced by firms that transport containers by truck in an environment with resource constraints. The considered area is export‐dominant. As a result, there are three types of container movements as inbound full, outbound full, and inbound empty movements. Both the time windows at the terminal and at the customers’ places and the operation times are considered. Empty containers are also regarded as separate transportation resources besides trucks. The total operating time including waiting time of all the trucks in operation is minimized. The problem is first formulated as a directed graph and then mathematically modeled based on the graph. It falls into a multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (m‐TSPTW) with resource constraints. An algorithm based on reactive tabu search (RTS) is developed to solve the problem. A number of randomly generated examples indicate that the algorithm can be applied to the real world.