Drag minimization and lift maximization in laminar flows via topology optimization employing simple objective function expressions based on body force integration

This paper deals with topology optimization of body shapes in fluid flows, where some new ideas for drag minimization and lift maximization problems are proposed. For drag minimization problems, the objective function is expressed as a body force integration in the flow domain. Also a similar expression of objective function is given for lift maximization problems. Employing those objective function expressions, optimum shapes of bodies in incompressible axisymmetric and two‐dimensional flows are numerically investigated.