Optimal age‐specific election policies in two‐level organizations with fixed size

Many organizations–faculties, firms, political bodies, societies, national academies–have recently been faced with the problem of aging. These trends are caused by increasing longevity of the members of these organizations as well as a lower intake at younger ages. The aging problem is particularly pronounced in organizations of fixed size, where no dismissal due to age (up to a statutory ‘retirement’ age) is acceptable. Attenuating the aging process in a fixed‐size organization by recruiting more young people leads to another adverse effect: the number of recruitments will decline, so the chances to be recruited decrease. For multi‐level organizations transition flows between the levels and recruitment at different levels complicate the aforementioned problems. In this paper we present a methodology that can help design election policies based on different objective functions related to the age structure and size of two‐level organizations, without compromising too much the already established election criteria. Technically, this methodology is based on multi‐objective optimization making use of optimal control theory. The current election policies for both full and corresponding members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences constitute the benchmark with which we compare our results based on alternative objective functions.