Operative planning of functional sessions for multisatellite observation and communication systems

An important control aspect of modern satellite observation and communication systems is the control of the functional processes. Functional sessions proceed under conditions of restricted technical ability, large amounts or information to be processed by the on‐board equipment, practice inequality of the received information, intentions of system management and operators, interests of customers and other factors. A large number of spacecrafts (SC) in orbital constellation is one of the most important factors affecting the functional process also. Besides that some modern projects of satellite systems are multifunctional that is mixed operations of observation and communication. Therefore the functioning of SC on‐board equipment must be accurately co‐ordinate. That is why the problem of operative planning the functioning of these systems, while directly affecting the efficiency of the system, is very complex and actual at present. A methodical approach and software package for operative planning of functional processes for satellite observation and communication systems, including multifunctional projects, are considered in the paper. The main aspects of the approach proposed are illustrated in the paper. The results of the calculations of applied planning problems are presented. The objects of research in these problems are: projects of CBERS observation systems (1–3 SC) and projects of Iridium (66 SC) global communication system. The base scheme of this approach consists of four main stages: stage 1–modeling of SC orbital kinematics and dynamics; stage 2–modeling of system functional processes with all kind of restrictions and criterion function values; stage 3–solving an optimization tasks by numerical applicable algorithms and constructing the optimal (or accuracy) plans; stage 4–repeated plan optimization (different variants) and analyzing. Such scheme is the result of authors practical research which have been realized during last 15 years by the operative planning as for any kinds of single SC as for satellite systems with different structure of orbital constellation. The research helps to unify the procedure of operative planning, to formulate basic principles and approaches for its solving, to develop special software package.