Real options pricing by the finite element method

Real option pricing problems in investment project evaluation are mostly solved by the simulation‐based methods, the lattice methods and by the finite difference method (FDM). Only a few applications of the finite element method (FEM) to these problems have been reported in the literature; although it seems to be an alternative tool for pricing real options. Unlike the existing finite element‐based papers, in this paper we use residual formulation and provide a detailed scheme for practical implementations. The FEM is introduced and developed as a numerical method for real options pricing problems. First of all, a partial differential equation (pde) model is defined, then the problem’s domain is discretized by finite elements. The weak formulation of the pde is then obtained, and finally the solution to the real option pricing problem is found by solving an algebraic system. For benchmarking purposes, the FEM is applied to known investment and abandonment option problems found in the literature and the results are compared with those of some traditional methods. These results show a good performance of the FEM and its superiority over the FDM in terms of convergence, and over the simulation‐based methods in terms of the optimal exercise policy.