Designing a BIM‐based serious game for fire safety evacuation simulations

This paper presents results of the first phase of the research project ‘Serious Human Rescue Game’ at Technische Universität Darmstadt. It presents a new serious gaming approach based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) for the exploration of the effect of building condition on human behavior during the evacuation process. In reality it is impossible to conduct rescue tests in burning buildings to study the human behavior. Therefore, the current methods of data‐collecting for existing evacuation simulation models have limitations regarding the individual human factors. To overcome these limitations the research hypothesis is that the human behavior can be explored with a serious computer game: The decisions of a person during the game should be comparable to decisions during an extreme situation in the real world. To verify this hypothesis, this paper introduces a serious gaming approach for analyzing the human behavior in extreme situations. To implement a serious game, developers generally make use of 3D‐modeling software to generate the game content. After this, the game logic needs to be added to the content with special software development kits for computer games. Every new game scenario has to be built manually from scratch. This is time‐consuming and a great share of modeling work needs to be executed twice (e.g., 3D‐modeling), at first by the architect for the parametric building model and the second time by the game designer for the 3D‐game content. The key idea of the presented approach is to use the capabilities of BIM together with engineering simulations (fire, smoke) to build realistic serious game scenarios in a new and efficient way. This paper presents the first phase results of the research project mainly focusing on the conceptual design of the serious game prototype. The validation concept is also presented. The inter‐operability between building information modeling applications and serious gaming platforms should allow different stakeholders to simulate building‐related scenarios in a new, interactive and efficient way.