The Hybrid War Model: a complex adaptive model of complex urban conflict

This paper firstly discusses the modelling of Peace Support Operations (PSO) within the defence simulation modelling context. It then provides a summary background of the current relevant approaches in such modelling, taking account of the increasing complexity of the strategic environment, and the relevance of ideas from Complex Adaptive Systems theory. It goes on to describe the details of two agent‐based models spanning the problem domain, which capture the key ideas of complexity, within a PSO context, taking account of the complex interactions between peacekeepers, civilians, insurgents and non‐governmental organisations involved.