Analysis of a nonautonomous dynamical model of diseases through droplet infection and direct contact

In this paper, we have considered a nonautonomous dynamical model of diseases that spread by droplet infection and also through direct contact (with a lower risk) with varying total population size and distributed time delay to become infectious. It is assumed that there is a time lag due to incubation period of pathogens, i.e. the development of an infection from the time the pathogen enters the body until signs or symptoms first appear. Here, we have established some sufficient conditions on the permanence and extinction of the disease by using inequality analytical technique. We have obtained the explicit formula of the eventual lower bounds of infected persons. We have introduced some new threshold values. By Lyapunov functional method, we have also obtained some sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of this model. Computer simulations are carried out to explain the analytical findings. The aim of the analysis of this model is to trace the parameters of interest for further study, with a view to informing and assisting policy‐maker in targeting prevention and treatment resources for maximum effectiveness.