Planning models for research and development

The importance of research and development has been increasing steadily during the last decades and it will grow further in the future. As a consequence, models which can support the planning process for R&D become also more numerous and sophisticated. This contribution first reviews the existing literature in these areas. Starting from a rather basic model, the structure of planning models for R&D is developed. The main focus is on models which use the mathematical programming framework. Special attention is given to the modelling of uncertainty which is particularly important in R&D planning. Future developments which seem to be desirable and necessary are considered as extensions of models described before.