Integrating Bayesian networks and decision trees in a sequential rule-based transportation model

Several activity-based transportation models are now becoming operational and are entering the stage of application for the modelling of travel demand. Some of these models use decision rules to support their decision-making instead of principles of utility maximization. Decision rules can be derived from different modelling approaches. In a previous study, it was shown that Bayesian networks outperform decision trees and that they are better suited to capture the complexity of the underlying decision-making. However, one of the disadvantages is that Bayesian networks are somewhat limited in terms of interpretation and efficiency when rules are derived from the network, while rules derived from decision trees in general have a simple and direct interpretation. Therefore, in this study, the idea of combining decision trees and Bayesian networks was explored in order to maintain the potential advantages of both techniques. The paper reports the findings of a methodological study that was conducted in the context of Albatross, which is a sequential rule based model of activity scheduling behaviour. To this end, the paper can be situated within the context of a series of previous publications by the authors to improve decision-making in Albatross. The results of this study suggest that integrated Bayesian networks and decision trees can be used for modelling the different choice facets of Albatross with better predictive power than CHAID decision trees. Another conclusion is that there are initial indications that the new way of integrating decision trees and Bayesian networks has produced a decision tree that is structurally more stable.