Knowledge engineering: Beyond expert systems

Expert knowledge is a resource. The development of expert systems technology has helped us to appreciate the value of expert knowledge. The discipline of knowledge engineering can guide us in identifying, eliciting, codifying, and applying this resource. However, expert systems can address only a subset of expert knowledge. This discipline of knowledge engineering must develop newer and broader tools that are not necessarily computer-based. The benefit of knowledge engineering is the efficient preservation and transfer of expertise within and between organizations, with implications for enhancing training and technology transfer.