A study on multi-mode flexible-resource-constrained project scheduling with discounted cash flow

To overcome the defects of the current state of research into the project scheduling problem (PSP), the authors put forward a multi-mode flexible resource-constrained PSP with discounted cash flow (MMFRCPSP-DCF). Using flexible resources would not only optimize traditional MMRCPSP, but also provide a bill of resources that should be hired or bought under a fixed activity mode package. The authors analyze the flexible cost, the cost to finish the events, the payments, and the bonus/penalty, and formulate nonlinear integer programming model of MMFRCPSP-DCF. Ultimately, the outcomes of the paper are illustrated by an instance.