A declarative modeling framework that integrates solution methods

Constraint programming offers modeling features and solution methods that are unavailable in mathematical programming but are often flexible and efficient for scheduling and other combinatorial problems. Yet mathematical programming is well suited to declarative modeling languages and is more efficient for some important problem classes. This raises this issue as to whether the two approaches can be combined in a declarative modeling framework. This paper proposes a general declarative modeling system in which the conditional structure of the constraints shows how to integrate any ‘checker’ and any special-purpose ‘solver’. In particular this integrates constraint programming and optimization methods, because the checker can consist of constraint propagation methods, and the solver can be a linear or nonlinear programming routine.