Trends in power system protection and control

As a consequence of deregulation, competition and problems in securing capital outlays for expansion of the infrastructure, modern power systems are operating at ever-smaller capacity and stability margins. Traditional entities involved in securing adequate protection and control for the system may soon become inadequate, and the emergence of the new participants (non-utility generation, transmission and distribution companies) requires coordinated approach and careful coordination of the new operating conditions. The paper reviews the key issues and design considerations for the present and new generation of SPS and emergency control schemes, and evaluates the strategies for their implementation.