Direct spatial optimization in natural resource management: Four linear programming examples

This paper discusses methods for directly incorporating spatial relationships in natural resource optimization models. The approaches are contrasted with the conventional emphasis on adjacency restrictions. Four formulations are presented that address a variety of problems using linear (continuous-variable) programming, which allows reliable solvability of even very large models. The problems addressed include: habitat placement for the black-footed ferret (an aggressive disperser), habitat placement for the black-tailed prairie dog (a gregarious, recalcitrant disperser), placement of control efforts directed at restricting the spread of an exotic pest, and the semi-permanent placement of habitat for the northern spotted owl (a static problem).