Achieving factory automation through Group Technology principles

This article illustrates the use of Group Technology (GT) principles for integrating the various elements of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Several observations are made regarding the current state of batch manufacturing in the U.S. in light of these principles. Following a brief historical background, the various elements of GT are described as they occur in the manufacturing cycle. Since the main prerequisite to GT is part family identification, the various classification and coding systems for identifying part families, and also non-codification systems, are briefly described. The benefits of design rationalization and variety reduction are then explained in the context of CAD, CAM, and CAPP. Next, cellular manufacturing, currently the major problem area in the U.S. regarding GT, is discussed. The discussion includes new production technologies and concepts such as economies of scope. Materials management and operation scheduling are discussed next, highlighting the GT/MRP interface. The effect of GT and other new technologies on quality is then addressed and the significant impacts here are noted. Next, the effects on related areas such as personnel and accounting are described, including worker satisfaction, incentive schemes, and cost tracking. Last, an assessment of the current status of batch manufacturing is undertaken. Academic approaches, as well as industry crusades such as just-in-time (JIT) production, are reviewed and the current problems in adopting cellular layouts are addressed.