 
                                                                                | Article ID: | iaor20001742 | 
| Country: | Netherlands | 
| Volume: | 91 | 
| Issue: | 1/3 | 
| Start Page Number: | 53 | 
| End Page Number: | 66 | 
| Publication Date: | Jan 1999 | 
| Journal: | Discrete Applied Mathematics | 
| Authors: | Bo Zhou, Liu Bolian | 
| Keywords: | graphs | 
We characterize those doubly stochastic, primitive matrices for which the bounds for the exponents of primitivity, earlier obtained by M. Lewin, are actually attained.