Intervening duality and bargaining with a farmer–landowner example

In a 1995 paper in this journal I introduced the intervening duality idea and showed how it could be used to analyse a simple matching pennies game in which each of two players anticipated a gain from a single toss of a ‘fair’ coin. This paper generalises that earlier analysis and results. Firstly it introduces more general production related classes of cases in which individuals may seek to gain by making themselves dual to the duals of an intervening specification and production plans, strategies and payoffs. Secondly, through this explicitly economic context, the paper introduces and analyses issues pertaining to framing (e.g. with reference to choices of production of crops vs. ‘setaside’) bargaining and learning.