| Article ID: | iaor19891052 | 
| Country: | Netherlands | 
| Volume: | 33 | 
| Issue: | 1 | 
| Start Page Number: | 131 | 
| End Page Number: | 150 | 
| Publication Date: | Oct 1989 | 
| Journal: | Stochastic Processes and Their Applications | 
| Authors: | Bouleau Nicolas, Lamberton Damien | 
The authors prove two explicit formulae for the quadratic residual risk and for the optimal hedging portfolio of a European contingent claim when the underlying stock prices are functions of a Markov process. These expressions allow the practical handling of a great deal of non classical models which are less optimistic than Black and Scholes’s one.