A tutorial on bottleneck dynamics: A heuristic scheduling methodology

The authors give a tutorial on bottleneck dynamics. Bottleneck dynamics is a scheduling framework that uses approximate dual resource prices to make decentralized decisions. The basic idea is to establish a price for a resource as a function of the set of jobs that need to be processed by the resource. Tasks are then sequenced according to a cost/benefit ratio. Starting with one resource sequencing problems, the authors describe how priorities for jobs can be developed and how they translate into resource prices. They then describe how resource prices can be approximated in a multiresource situation and how lead times which are critical for these approximations can be accurately computed. The authors also describe a number of studies that have shown bottleneck dynamics to be an effective approach in several different problem areas.