Hybrid structures and improving forecasting and scheduling in project management

In many areas of managerial decision-making and analysis, there are classical dichotomies, such as subjective versus objective forecasting methods, short-range versus long-range forecasting, heuristic versus optimization algorithms, and logic programming versus functional programming. This article describes some hybrid concepts and techniques that attempt to synthesize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of seemingly incompatible classical approaches to problems that are central to project and management and scheduling and to operations management in general.